This book offers a comprehensive overview of thoracic pathologies of surgical interest involving the lung, mediastinum, esophagus, and chest wall with the aim of providing both radiologists and thoracic surgeons with a reference of high value in everyday clinical practice. Oncologic and non-oncologic conditions are reviewed from both the radiological and the surgical point of view, each one being documented with the aid of high-quality radiologic images from several modalities (including X-ray, fluoroscopy, CT, MR, and PET), illustrations/artwork, and high-definition images from the surgical table.